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Mountains and Fire Worship: Sacred Peaks and Fiery Rituals: Tracing the Pre-Christian Roots of Dersim’s Alevi Beliefs

The entry informs about the continuity of pre-Christian/pre-Islamic veneration of high, usually volcanic mountains in the antic Armenian Highlands, including Dersim. These venerated mountains were…

Historiography of Bektashism

The historiography of Bektashism represents a striking example of the entanglement between identity, politics, and historical narrative. Historical representations of the Bektashi tradition have been…

Hako Sûr: A Springtime Ritual among Kurdish Alevis & Armenians in Dersim

Hako Sûr, also known as the Red Egg Festival, is a now largely forgotten springtime tradition that was once practised by Kurdish Alevi communities in…

Dersim: Genocides (1914-18 & 1937-38)

This entry examines the 1937–38 Dersim massacres as a case of genocide, placing the events within a broader continuum of state-led exterminatory violence in late…

Gağan (2)

The entry explores the origins of the New Year (Kaġand / Gağant / Gaxan) celebration in Dersim. The Raa Haq religious community and the Armenian…

Theological Foundations of Human Dignity in Alevism

This entry examines the theological foundations of the God–human relationship in Alevism by approaching the concept of human dignity through the perspectives of creation theology…

A Brief Sketch of the Development of Alevi Studies

This is an annotated bibliography of the most significant contributions to Alevi studies, in chronological order from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. It identifies American Protestant…

Pomegranates: Ambivalent Symbol of Life and Death

The pomegranate (Punica granatum) was also known in Latin as Malum punicum [1] (“Punic, i.e. Phoenician apple”). In ancient Iranian and Abrahamic religions, as well…

Paradise Rivers & Munzur River in Dersim

The three Abrahamic religions developed different interpretations of paradise, the place of longing in all three religions, at different times. In contrast to Sunni Islam,…

Gağan (1)

Gağan (Khal / Kalo Gaxan, Gaxand, Gaxan) is a religious-magical transition ritual unique to Kurdish Alevi communities in Dersim, symbolically marking the end of the…
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