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Tree worship: Sacred Trees and Wishing Trees

Tree worship refers to the veneration of trees, groups of trees, and sacred groves. They can be regarded as the embodiment of mythological beings themselves,…

Xızır's (Hızır's) Sacred Herd (Bezoar Goats of Dersim)

This entry explores pantheistic nature worship in the Raa Haqi faith, using the example of the worship of bezoar goats living in Dersim. These wild…

Xızır's (Hızır's) Sacred Herd (Sacred Mountain Goats of Dersim)

In Kurdish Alevi traditions, ibexes are considered sacred—blessed beings associated with Xızır and other territorial protectors in local cosmologies. Although hunting them was long practiced,…

Mountains and Fire Worship: Sacred Peaks and Fiery Rituals: Tracing the Pre-Christian Roots of Dersim’s Alevi Beliefs

The entry informs about the continuity of pre-Christian/pre-Islamic veneration of high, usually volcanic mountains in the antic Armenian Highlands, including Dersim. These venerated mountains were…

Splendor and Light of God: Sun Worship Among the Raa Haq Followers and Their Neighbors

The sun is the star closest to Earth and forms the center of the solar system. Solar radiation is one of the basic prerequisites for…

Dersim: Genocides (1914-18 & 1937-38)

This entry examines the 1937–38 Dersim massacres as a case of genocide, placing the events within a broader continuum of state-led exterminatory violence in late…

Hızır / Xızır

In Alevism, Hızır (Xızır) is a meaningful and central figure around which revolve many myths, rituals, hymns, sacred places and lived experiences. It combines many…

Shahmaran and Shahapet: The Snake Cults of the Kurds, Yazidis, and Armenians

The worship of snakes is one of the oldest natural religious or polytheistic beliefs worldwide. There are two contrasting views: 1) Snakes are seen as…

Jiare /Ziyaret - (Sacred Places & Objects) in Raa Haqi (Dersim Alevism)

The concept of jiare—sacred places or sacred objects imbued with spiritual presence—constitutes a foundational element of the Raa Haqi belief system, practised predominantly among (Kurmanci…

Alevis and Alevism in Turkish Cinema

This entry focuses on the representation of the Alevi-Bektashi faith and identity in Turkish cinema, examining the role of cinema in the construction of cultural…
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